Acid rain is possible in Ukraine: missiles strike, and precipitation falls – State Environmental Inspectorate warns of risks

Acid rain is not just a natural phenomenon but also a threat in the context of war; as such, precipitation can be toxic. Dmytro Zaruba, First Deputy Head of the State Environmental Inspectorate, discusses the nature of acid rain and its impacts on both people and the environment.

What is acid rain?

Acid rain is not only rain but also snow, fog, or dust that contains excessive amounts of acids, in particular sulfuric and nitric. These acids are formed when sulfur and nitrogen oxides are released into the atmosphere, which occurs due to the activities of thermal power plants, metallurgical enterprises, and vehicles, as well as as a result of explosions during hostilities.

What are the risks associated with acid rain? Here are four main dangers:

Loss of soil fertility. Acids wash away nutrients, leading to a decrease in yield and agricultural problems.
Fish death. Lowering the pH of water in rivers and reservoirs can lead to the disappearance of aquatic life. Historically, such situations have occurred in Canada, where reservoirs remained dead for years.
Damage to infrastructure. Acidic action can corrode concrete, metal, and stone; as a result, restorers in Europe are constantly engaged in the repair of historical sites.
Health threat. Although acid rain may not manifest itself in immediate irritation, dangerous particles can appear in the air that penetrate the lungs and can cause allergies, bronchitis, or even strokes.
Measures to combat the problem in the world

In the 1990s, the US introduced a system of quotas for sulfur emissions, which resulted in a 93% decrease in emissions over 30 years, saving more than $100 billion.
The European Union has restrictions on all major pollutants, actively using satellite data and automated monitoring stations.
In China, filters have been installed at thermal power plants, resulting in a 50% reduction in acid rain in urban areas.
Situation in Ukraine

Before the war, the environmental situation was already challenging: in 2021, sulfur dioxide emissions exceeded 400,000 tons, with thermal power plants and metallurgical plants being the primary sources.

Today, due to hostilities, explosions, and the destruction of infrastructure, even more harmful substances are being released into the atmosphere, which increases the risk of acid rain. This acid rain then settles on fields, in water bodies, and even in our lungs.

However, specific steps are being taken in Ukraine to improve the situation. The country has a national plan to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and is adopting European environmental standards. However, without an end to the war, these efforts may be insufficient.

Acid rain is a significant threat to the environment, public health, and the country’s future. This problem is particularly relevant, especially in wartime, and it is essential that everyone is aware of it.